Stereotyping starlings are more ‘pessimistic’
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Stereotyping starlings are more ‘ pessimistic ’ 1 2 3
26 Negative affect in humans and animals is known to cause individuals to interpret 27 ambiguous stimuli pessimistically, a phenomenon termed ‘cognitive bias’. Here, 28 we used captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test the hypothesis that 29 a reduction in environmental conditions, from enriched to non-enriched cages, 30 would engender negative affect, and hence ‘pessimistic’ biases...
متن کاملPessimistic Testing
We propose a new approach to testing conformance to a nondeterministic specification , in which testing proceeds only as long as increased test coverage is guaranteed. In testing that a system meets a nondeterministic specification [1], it is usually assumed that the system is fair to each transition of the specification (i.e., the system will make every possible nondeterministic choice if give...
متن کاملPessimistic Software Lock-Elision
Read-write locks are one of the most prevalent lock forms in concurrent applications because they allow read accesses to locked code to proceed in parallel. However, they do not offer any parallelism between reads and writes. This paper introduces pessimistic lock-elision (PLE), a new approach for nonspeculatively replacing read-write locks with pessimistic (i.e. non-aborting) software transact...
متن کاملPessimistic and Optimistic Induction
Learning methods vary in the optimism or pessimism with which they regard the informativeness of learned knowledge. Pessimism is implicit in hypothesis testing, where we wish to draw cautious conclusions from experimental evidence. However, this paper demonstrates that optimism in the utility of derived rules may be the preferred bias for learning systems themselves. We examine the continuum be...
متن کاملPessimistic bilevel linear optimization
In this paper, we investigate the pessimistic bilevel linear optimization problem (PBLOP). Based on the lower level optimal value function and duality, the PBLOP can be transformed to a single-level while nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problem. By use of linear optimization duality, we obtain a tractable and equivalent transformation and propose algorithms for computing global or local op...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Animal Cognition
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1435-9448,1435-9456
DOI: 10.1007/s10071-010-0323-z